Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(3):168-171

Monoclonal antibodies in neurology - treatment of multiple sclerosis and migraines

Olga Bartošová

Farmakologický ústav VFN a 1. LF UK, Praha

Monoclonal antibodies have become a mainstay in the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis. Their mechanism of action targets distinct immune mechanisms of multiple sclerosis pathophysiology. Natalizumab acts by binding to cell surface receptors and thus prevents the migration of leukocytes across the blood-brain barrier. Alemtuzumab, rituximab, ocrelizumab, ofatumumab and ublituximab eliminate a selected population of pathogenic cells. Opicinumab acts as a transmembrane signaling protein (LINGO-1) antagonist. These drugs are an important pillar in the treatment of scattered. However, potential side effects can be serious and may require discontinuation of treatment. Above all, it is a risk of opportunistic infections, but also of secondary autoimmune diseases or malignancies. Monoclonal antibodies that bind to and inhibit the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor are used to treat and prevent migraines. CGRP monoclonal antibodies are the first specific prophylaxis based on knowledge of the pathophysiology of migraine. A whole series of clinical studies indicate a new possibility in the treatment and prophylaxis of migraines, which should reduce the risks resulting from the overuse of other groups of drugs, especially non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics.

Keywords: multiple sclerosis, migraine, CD20 antibody, CGRP antibody, prophylactic therapy.

Accepted: September 21, 2023; Published: October 2, 2023  Show citation