Cardiovascular risk in diabetics

Petr Žák, Miroslav Souček

Prakt. Lékáren. 2015; 11(5e)  

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly myocardial infarction and acute stroke, is the leading cause of death worldwide. According toHealth Organisation (WHO) CVD is every year responsible for some 17 millions of deaths. Diabetic women are at particularly high risk of CVD;diabetes eliminates the usual female advantage for coronary disease mortality. Mechanisms linking pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes withCVD has been extensively reviewed. Insulin resistance and postprandial glycemia (PPG) are likely to explain a major part of enhanced atherothrombosisin diabetes type 2. Incretins, recently approved class of therapeutic agents for the treatment of...

Development of resistance of invasive bacteria related to antibiotic consumption

Milan Kolář, Pavlína Štrbová

Prakt. Lékáren. 2015; 11(5e)  

Increasing resistance of bacterial pathogens to antibiotic therapy represents a serious health problem. It is apparent that an integralpart of the sources of rational antibiotic therapy is surveillance of bacterial resistance. The present study aimed at analyzing the resistanceof invasive bacterial pathogens isolated from blood cultures with respect to consumption of antimicrobial agents. The obtainedresults suggest a worrying situation concerning the resistance of certain invasive bacteria to antimicrobial drugs. Despite reducedconsumption of third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, the resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae to these antibioticscontinues...

Current application of rituximab in pharmacotherapy

Dana Syrová

Prakt. Lékáren. 2015; 11(5e)  

Rituximab is the first registered monoclonal antibody in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. It binds to the surface of B-lymphocytesthat have CD20 antigen on the surface. It was approved by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) in 1997 for the treatmentof relapsing or refractory follicular lymphoma. The results of further investigations extended its indication to other specialities suchas rheumatology and nephrology. Its introduction in the practice represented a turning point in the treatment and changed the patients’fate, particularly due to its minimal toxicity and higher effect specificity. Targeted monoclonal antibody therapy has...

Advantages of transdermal forms of hormone replacement therapy from the perspective of a gynaecologist

Peter Koliba

Prakt. Lékáren. 2015; 11(5e)  

The review article on the issue of menopausal hormone therapy focuses on transdermal forms of treatment. In the period of menopause,many metabolic and psychological changes occur that are part of the aging process and can negatively affect the qualityof life of women. The mainstay of the treatment of acute vegetative syndrome is hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and, morerecently, menopausal hormone therapy (MHT). In the Czech Republic, a number of medications for HRT in various dosage forms areavailable on the market. This article describes the advantages of transdermal dosage forms in the treatment of climacteric syndrome.The authors underline the...

Secondary prevention in patients surviving an ischemic stroke

Renata Cífková, Peter Wohlfahrt, Alena Krajčoviechová

Prakt. Lékáren. 2015; 11(5e): e3-e9  

Etiologic classification of ischemic stroke helps to establish correct diagnosis and initiate optimal therapy. The European guidelinesfor cardiovascular disease prevention and European Stroke Organization guidelines recommend, in patients with non-cardioembolicischemic stroke, either a combination of aspirin and dipyridamole or clopidogrel alone as first-line therapy. Recent US guidelines alsorecommend aspirin alone as the drug of first choice. Patients with recent ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation are at high risk of recurrentischemic stroke, and are indicated for anticoagulation therapy to be usually initiated within 14 days of symptom onset....

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Prakt. Lékáren. 2015; 11(5e)