Ohlédnutí za třemi roky v čele EAHP

PharmDr. Petr Horák

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(4)  

Treatment of anxiety disorders

Ivana Tašková

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(4): 207-212 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2021.045  

Anxiety disorders are a very frequent group of mental disorders. Up to 15 % of the population experience some type of anxiety disorder during their lifetime. The most common types of anxiety disorders include social phobia, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, mixed anxiety depressive disorder, agoraphobia, specific phobias, and post‑traumatic stress disorder. Anxiety therapy should be comprehensive. Along with pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy plays essential role here. Anxiolytics are used for the treatment of anxiety disorders. The spectrum of anxiolytic drugs includes antidepressants, benzodiazepines, non‑benzodiazepine anxiolytics,...

Iron intake deficit - nutritional resources, recommended daily allowances, iron supplementation

Miloslav Hronek, Miroslav Kovařík

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(4): 213-215 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2021.046  

The review article discusses one of common nutrition deficiencies, iron deficiency, which is the cause of sideropenic anemia. It describes two forms of nutritional sources, the recommended daily allowance of iron and its metabolism in the body. The most common iron preparations are administrated both orally and parenterally, and their correct use is listed.

Metamizole (dipyrone)

Jitka Rychlíčková, Hana Jurečková

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(4): 216-219  

Metamizole has been known and used for almost 100 years, yet several unknowns are still associated with its use. This paper focuses on a more detailed description of this drug's kinetics to provide necessary information for estimating adequate dosing in patients with impaired kidney or liver functions. In this area, not only the summaries of product characteristics but also the literature are relatively austere. Furthermore, we would like to draw attention to the potential for cross-reaction with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which may not be obvious at first glance. In clinical practice, it can be easily overlooked. Subsequently, we discuss...

Possibilities of influencing acute cough of respiratory infections in children

Hana Kotolová

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(4): 220-225 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2021.048  

Respiratory infections are one of the most common infectious diseases affecting both children and adults. Cough, as a symptom of a cold illness, can go through a phase of dry cough which alternates with a phase of productive cough. In children, it is advisable to avoid centrally acting antitussives. The use of levodropropizine seems to be the most suitable of peripheral antitussives. For productive cough there is a long-term discussion and reassessment of the benefits of mucomodulatory drugs. According to recommendations, erdostein is recommended. From traditional medicine it is recommended even by leading experts to use honey and preparations based...

Drug interactions of antiepileptic drugs Part 2: interaction with drugs of other indication groups

Blanka Kořístková, Milan Grundmann

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(4): e3-e28  

Drug interactions of antiepileptic drugs are mostly connected with enzymatic induction or inhibition. The interaction on level of absorption, plasma-protein binding of renal excretion is less frequent. Pharmacodynamic interaction of antiepileptics with other drugs is seldom synergistic with a possibility of declination of dose. The increase of adverse drug reactions is more common. Purely pharmacodynamic interaction was described with oxcarbazepin, perampanel and pregabalin. The new antiepileptics have lower interaction potential - most of them are excreted either via kidney or extrahepatal (e. g. gabapentin, lacosamide, levetiracetam, topiramate,...

Cariprazine in the treatment of schizophrenia

Eva Češková

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(4): e29-e35  

Cariprazine is besides aripiprazole the second partial dopamine agonist antipsychotic registered in Czech Republic for the treatment of schizophrenia. Partial dopamine receptor agonists represent the third-generation antipsychotic prototype. Cariprazine peculiar pharmacological profile may explain its efficacy on positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. According to the recently published algorithm cariprazine should be used as first-line treatment for patients with predominant negative symptoms. Cariprazine displays a low metabolic risk and weight gain. Among the most reported adverse events are included extrapyramidal symptoms and akathisia;...

Drug-induced acute kidney injury

Michal Prokeš, Josef Suchopár

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(4): e36-e50  

Drug-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a relatively common adverse event, and in some cases, drugs that have long-term nephroprotective properties may also contribute to it. This article provides basic information about the pathogenesis of AKI, the risk factors for AKI, and the symptoms of AKI, and contains a list of drugs that are associated with the development of AKI.

Rectal medical preparations available in the Czech Republic and the basic principles of their application

Andrej Kováčik, Barbora Vraníková

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(4): 239-244 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2021.051  

Administration per rectum allows to achieve not only a local (e.g., treatment of hemorrhoids) but also a systemic effect of administrated drugs (especially pain therapy). To achieve a pharmacological effect, the active ingredients must be formulated into suitable dosage forms. Rectal dosage forms can be classified into liquids (solutions, suspensions, foams), semi‑solids (ointments and creams), and solids (powders/tablets for the preparation of solutions/suspensions and suppositories). This article aims to introduce rectal medical preparations available on the Czech market and point out the basic principles of their proper application, which...

Fibroepithelial polyps (acrochordons) - treatment options

Kateřina Klauzová

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(4): 226-230  

Fibroepithelial polyps are benign tumors arising from connective tissue. They are of mesodermal origin and are usually covered with squamous epithelium and come from the skin, genitourinary tract or lower respiratory tract. On the skin, they occur mainly in the skin folds. They can be isolated or multiple. They are usually no larger than 1-2 millimeters. In rare cases, they can reach enormous dimensions. A giant fibroepithelial polyp 42 centimeters in size has been described in the literature. Although the etiology and factors causing overgrowth are not known, an association with chronic mechanical irritation, obesity, insulin resistance, as well as...

Possibilities of pharmaceutical care in proctology

Ondřej Tesař, Jana Šolínová, Josef Malý

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(4): 231-238 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2021.050  

Pharmacists commonly care of proctological patients, therefore, they can significantly influence their treatment. This article summarizes the basic proctological diagnoses and treatment strategies with regard to the principles of evidence-based medicine as well as it describes the role of the pharmacist and the possibilities of pharmaceutical care. An overview of available medicines, selected medical devices, food supplements, and cosmetics is also demonstrated.

Vydařené XXXVI. Lékárnické dny v Liberci

PharmDr. Pavel Grodza

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(4): e51-e53  

Rybelsus® (perorální semaglutid), první agonista receptoru lidského glukagonu podobného peptidu-1 (GLP-1 RA) ve formě tablet je nyní dostupný v ČR k léčbě diabetu 2. typu

Kateřina Kučerová

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(4): 256-259  

Functional infant formulas

Pavel Ježek

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(4): 261-264  

The infant and toddler period is associated with the adaptation of the child to the "new" world and the gradual maturation of the digestive tract. This immaturity can manifest itself not only in a number of functional digestive problems, such as infantile colic, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, bloating and vomitting, but also in lactose intolerance or, due to the maturation of the immune system, allergies to cow's milk proteins. Breast milk is the gold standard in infant nutrition. Special infant milks are intended for non-breastfed infants who experience these problems.

Pharmaceutical care in self-treatment of patients with common cold or influenza

Lenka Ťupová, Martin Doseděl

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(4): 245-255 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2021.052  

Upper respiratory tract infections belong to the most common diseases that patients come to the pharmacy with. Based on the available and gathered information, the pharmacist or pharmaceutical assistant (PA) should assess the patient's condition and risk factors and determine the suitability for self-treatment. In that case, the pharmacist or PA should recommend an appropriate medicine based on the individual patient's symptoms. He or she should also explain how to administer the medication in order to maximize its effect or minimize its potential risks.