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PharmDr. Přemysl Císař, Ph.D.

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(1):3  

Anastrozole - off­‑label use in men

Miroslav Turjap, Roman Král, Jan Juřica

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(1):11-14 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2023.001  

Anastrozole is a highly selective nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor. It is approved for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Nonetheless, aromatase inhibitors have also been used off-label for many years in men. This article outlines empirical non-oncological anastrozole uses in men and briefly presents some current clinical trials involving the male population.

Latest advances in psychopharmacotherapy: what a pharmacist should know

Eva Češková

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(1):15-18 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2023.002  

The introduction section deals with the general principles of pharmacotherapy and possible ways of treatment optimization. Furthermore, the paper summarizes the latest developments in treating schizophrenic and depressive disorders, the major examples of serious psychiatric disorders, and presents new approaches that are already available (novel second-generation antipsychotics, augmentation). In the final section, agents with a mechanism of action other than the commonly used antipsychotic drugs and antidepressants are mentioned.

Acute upper respiratory tract infections - diagnosis and treatment

Karolina Edelmannová

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(1):19-24  

Acute upper respiratory tract infections are the most common infectious diseases in children and adults. It includes the common cold, rhinosinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, tonsillopharyngitis, laryngitis, and epiglottitis. Middle ear infections are also directly related to upper respiratory tract infections. Most of these infections are uncomplicated and will disappear on their own within a week, the cough after the virosis can persist for several weeks. Due to the fact that most acute upper respiratory tract infections are of viral origin, their treatment with antibiotics is neither appropriate nor necessary.

Age-related macular degeneration - new treatment options

Alexandr Stěpanov

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(1):25-30 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2023.003  

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of vision loss in people over the age of 65 in developed countries. In most patients, a dry form of AMD is noted, which gradually progresses. Choroidal neovascular membrane is the main sign of wet form of AMD which is present in 10 % of patients approximately. AMD develops because of an interaction between genetic and lifestyle factors of patients. The treatment of the choice of the wet form of AMD is intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections, in the case of the dry form of AMD we can choose dietary supplements with lutein and haemorheopheresis. Treatment of the dry...

Pharmacotherapy for chronic pain

Dana Vondráčková

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(1):31-37 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2023.004  

Chronic pain is a chronic disease that significantly impairs the patient's quality of life. Pharmacotherapy is based on international recommendations (IASP, EFNS) adapted by the Society for the Study of Pain Management (SSLB) for our conditions. The correct pain treatment must be complex. It should combine application of pharmaceuticals, intervention techniques, psychotherapy, rehabilitation, and cooperation with other specialists as well. The article deals with pharmacotherapy. Treatment by drugs includes WHO analgesics (1st grade non-opioid analgesics, NSAIDs, 2nd grade weak opioids, 3rd grade strong opioids), co-analgesics, antidepressants, antiepileptics,...

Possibilities of pain treatment in children with selected analgesics

Petra Matalová, Benedikt Krížek

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(1):e4-e8  

Pain is distressing sensory, emotional and mental experience accompanied by psychological or autonomic symptoms and change of behavior. It is therefore necessary to effectively treat pain using nonpharmacological and pharmacological methods. Pediatric pharmacotherapy has many peculiarities, in the following article we summarize pharmacological treatment options in children, currently used nonopioid and opioid analgesics, their characteristics and the dosage of selected orally used analgesics.

Drug-induced tremors

Pavel Filip, Marek Baláž

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(1):e9-e12  

Tremor is the most common movement disorder with several potential causes. There is a multitude of drugs utilised in the clinical practice, which may exacerbate or even cause tremor, the most common ones being amiodarone, valproate, dopamine receptor antagonists, lithium, selective serotonin (and norepinephrine) reuptake inhibitors (SSRI/SNRI) and amitriptyline. Drug-induced tremors usually correspond to enhanced physiological tremor, but, depending on the causal drug, the tremor may be a part of drug-induced parkinsonism. The recognition of tremorgenic drugs may help quick diagnosis, avoid unnecessary tests and lead to adequate actions - usually dose...

Some of the less frequent side effects of antipsychotics

Michaela Mayerová, Libor Ustohal

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(1):e13-e18  

The article summarizes some of the side effects of antipsychotics that are not common in everyday clinical practice, although the patients were treated by commonly used antipsychotics. The information from literature is supplemented by cases of the patients treated by us. We focused on thromboses and anticholinergic deliria, but some other side effects are mentioned as well. The causes, circumstances of initiation and clinical management of these side effects are disscused.

Vericiguat: pharmacological profile

Karel Urbánek

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(1):8-10  

Vericiguat is a new drug for the treatment of chronic heart failure. It acts as a direct sGS stimulator whose activity is not dependent on the presence of NO. It is administered orally once daily at doses of 2.5, 5 and 10 mg with gradual upward titration. It is metabolized by hepatic glucuronidases UGT1A9 and 1A1 to inactive N-glucuronide. Approximately 53 % of the administered dose is excreted in the urine, while 45% in the faeces. The biological elimination half-life in healthy volunteers averaged 20 hours and in patients with heart failure averaged 30 hours. Its most common adverse effect with an incidence of about 16% is hypotension. It has minimal...

Treatment options for subthreshold anxiety: lavender oil

Vilma Vranová, Lenka Trdlová

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(1):47-50 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2023.007  

Subthreshold anxiety is among the most common mental disorders, with a two-fold higher prevalence than clinically manifested anxiety disorders. Psychological symptoms include obsessive thoughts, insomnia, restlessness, tension, irritability, and difficulty concentrating, and somatic symptoms also tend to be present. Subsyndromal anxiety should not be underestimated since it can lead to suicide; as a result, these patients require attention and timely initiation of treatment.

Medical devices in wound healing III: Special types of wound plasters

Barbora Vraníková, Andrej Kováčik

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(1):38-43 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2023.005  

Skin integrity damage caused by mechanical, thermal, or biological factors leads to increased pain associated with a reduction in the patient's quality of life. Medical devices such as different types of special plasters have an irreplaceable place in the therapy of these minor skin problems. The aim of this publication is to acquaint the reader with the basic characteristics and examples of commercially available plasters used in the treatment of blisters, calluses, corns, warts, cold sores, burns and scars. The submitted publication brings also practical advice regarding the correct handling of these medical aids, which lead to maximizing their effect...

Pharmacotherapy of infectious diarrhoea

Vilma Vranová, Karel Vašut

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(1):51-62 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2023.008  

Diarrhoeal disease is one of the most commonly occurring infectious diseases in the Czech Republic. The primary the­rapeutic goal in diarrhoea is to eliminate the causative agents, such as toxins, prevent dehydration, and protect intestinal mucosa from injury. Only when an infectious origin of diarrhoea has been confirmed, specific treatment - chemotherapeutic drugs and antibiotics - is initiated. The following overview of medicinal products and medical devices used is presented in the order that should correspond to the course of treatment in the case of acute diarrhoea of unknown origin.

Pět klíčových oblastí v samoléčbě hemoroidální nemoci pohledem farmaceuta

Ondřej Šimandl

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(1):64-69  

Periodontitis - self-care options

Olga Nedopílková, Pavlína Podešvová

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(1):44-46 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2023.006  

Periodontitis is an inflammatory and destructive disease of the periodontium - the supporting apparatus of the tooth that holds the tooth in place. Typical symptoms of periodontitis are recession of gingiva, bleeding and bad breath. In the advanced stage, the teeth wobble as a result of the broken ligament, which in the final stage can lead to the loss of teeth. The treatment is long-term and is aimed at slowing down the destruction of the periodontium and mitigating the consequences of the disease. Correct dental hygiene plays the most important role in the prevention and treatment of already established periodontitis.