Praktické lékárenství, 2010, issue 3

Editorial

Slovo úvodem

PharmDr. Marie Zajícová

Prakt. lékáren. 2010; 6(3): 107

Current pharmacotherapy

Proton pump inhibitors as over-the-counter drugs ? Yes or no ?

MUDr.Jan Martínek, Ph.D.

Prakt. lékáren. 2010; 6(3): 114-118

The article deals with history and present use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI), the most effective drugs, which block secretion of gastric acid. In the Czech Republic PPI slowly become OTC drugs, that increases their availability for patients, who have slight symptoms and do not want to visit doctor. Indications for OTC are just reflux symptoms (pyrosis, regurgitation) therefore the biggest attention is paid to their indication.

Immunomodulators of microbial origin

PharmDr.Petr Jílek, CSc.

Prakt. lékáren. 2010; 6(3): 119-124

Microbiota is crucial, permanent stimulus of immunity. Modified microbes or components of their bodies could be used for efficient modulation of immune reactions. In addition to vaccines, which induce specific responses, immunomodulators providing less specific effect could be used. The aim of such agents is a support of antimicrobial immunity in general as well as stimulation of effectors of anticancer immunity. Contemporary gnose enables elucidate mode of actions of microbial modulators, clinical studies prove usable effect. For applications in oncology are indicated BCG vaccine, muramylpeptides and glucans, for prevention of respiratory...

Pharmacological treatment of migraine and tension headache

MUDr.Ingrid Niedermayerová

Prakt. lékáren. 2010; 6(3): 125-128

Currently, the so-called stratified treatment is used in migraine therapy. In mild attacks, analgesics and antirheumatics are given orally while in moderate attacks these medications are administered parenterally and coupled with antiemetics. Specific antimigraine drugs (triptans) are indicated in moderate and severe attacks. When the attacks increase in frequency or acute treatment fails to show sufficient effect, prophylaxis by means of beta blockers, antiepileptics or antidepressants is used. Tension headache is treated with simple analgesics, in the case of increased frequency antidepressants can be given as prophylaxis and supplemented...

Diabetic foot syndrome - diagnostic and therapeutic options

MUDr.Pavlína Piťhová

Prakt. lékáren. 2010; 6(3): 129-132

Lower limb defects, particularly the diabetic foot syndrome, are commonly encountered in diabetic patients. Diabetic foot syndrome refers to the destruction of lower limb tissues distally from the ankle joint in diabetics, which results in extensive ulcerations, gangrene, and, in extreme cases, amputation of the limb. The major factors resulting in diabetic foot include diabetic neuropathy (sensomotor and autonomous), limb ischaemia (angiopathy), decreased joint mobility, and the pressure exerted on the sole of the foot. Ulcerations often develop and are difficult to heal because of infections. The paper deals with the causes, diagnosis, and...

Breast milk as a source of bacteria with potentially probiotic effects

MUDr.Jiří Bronský, Ph.D.

Prakt. lékáren. 2010; 6(3): 135-137

Probiotics and biotherapeutic agents are defined as live microorganisms that, following ingestion, modify the composition of the human intestinal microflora, thus bringing health benefits. In several recent years, these microorganisms have been the subject of major medical interest. In early twenty-first century, initial scientific papers appeared concerning possible probiotic potential of bacterial strains isolated from breast milk. The composition of the intestinal microflora is primarily dependent on intestinal colonization immediately after birth the sources of which may be the vaginal mucosa, maternal intestinal microflora, hospital-like...

Medicamenta nova

Abatacept and it’s use in rheumatoid arthritis

doc.MUDr.Pavel Horák, CSc., MUDr.Martina Skácelová, MUDr.Martin Žurek

Prakt. lékáren. 2010; 6(3): 111-113

Abatacept is a new type of biological drug for rheumatoid arthritis blocking the co stimulation system of T lymphocytes activation CD28-CD80/86 via recombinant molecule CTLA4 and Fc fragment of IgG1. The drug is given in 30 minutes intravenous infusion at the day 0, and then after 2 and 4 weeks following by the maintenance dose every 4 weeks. Abatacept has demonstrated in various populations of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (methotrexate naive, methotrexate failure, anti TNF alpha blocker (s) failure) efficacy in activity and radiographic progression control. It has a favorable safety profile with mild increase in infection frequency....

Clinical pharmacy

Orphan drugs

PharmDr.Vítězslava Fričová, Mgr.Kristýna Fričová

Prakt. lékáren. 2010; 6(3): 139-143

Despite the indisputable development and increase in the availability of new drugs all around the world, the therapy of some diseases is not entirely without probléms. As one of this areas, we can mention rare diseases and drugs for treatment of these diseases – so-called orphan drugs. Last century, during 80´s, this problem became an issue and also some solutions have appeared. The treatment of the rare disease and orphan drugs development is handled now by adaptation of legal regulations, which offers preferential conditions for orphan drugs research and development. In 1983, the Regulation fundamental for rare disease treatment has...

Phytotherapy

Symphytum officinale L. - Common Comfrey

doc.RNDr.Jiřina Spilková, CSc.

Prakt. lékáren. 2010; 6(3): 156-158

Comfrey is a herbal medicine with a long history of efficacious use. This review summarizes the knowledges of the pharmacological activity and its application at present.

For pharmaceutical assistants

New trends in paediatric skin care

MUDr.Kateřina Macháčková

Prakt. lékáren. 2010; 6(3): 145-148

The specific features of physiology and anatomy of neonatal and paediatric skin require a thorough knowledge of pharmacokinetics of dermatological external drugs. An ideal drug should be rapid-acting, safe, and in a cosmetically acceptable galenic form. The article deals with the options of local treatment in paediatric age, highlights the treatment-associated risks, and offers safe alternatives of both proprietary medicinal products and extemporaneous preparations.

Dry eye treatment (Lacrimal gland dysfunction, tear film dysfunction and the use of artificial tears in the practice)

MUDr.Milan Odehnal, MBA, MUDr.Květoslava Ferrová, MUDr.Jiří Malec

Prakt. lékáren. 2010; 6(3): 149-152

Dry eye syndrome (DES) has a complex multifactorial aetiology that involves the wearing of contact lenses, pathological conditions of the eye, systemic diseases, hormonal factors and effects of some drugs. Genetic predispositions, age, sex, environment and other factors also play a role. DES is the most common outpatient condition seen in ophthalmology. It reduces the quality of life and may even affect the patient's visual functions. The diagnosis of DES is based on the history, clinical examination and tests measuring the amount of tears produced or the stability of the tear film. The treatment is prescribed by an ophthalmologist according...

Nappy rash in children, care and management

MUDr.Renáta Kolářová

Prakt. lékáren. 2010; 6(3): 153-154

Nappy rash can affect a child of any age; however, those most at risk are newborns and infants. Proper care of nappy rash at the onset may prevent the development of complications the management of which is the responsibility of an experienced paediatrician and/or dermatologist.