Slovo úvodem

prof. PharmDr. Miloslava Rabišková, CSc.

Prakt. lékáren. 2012; 8(4): 151  

Treatment of inflammatory intestinal diseases

Jiří Ehrmann, Michal Konečný

Prakt. lékáren. 2012; 8(4): 156-160  

Educational narrative review of the treatment of intestinal inflammatory diseases is determined especially to pharmaceutical chemists or druggists, but also to general practitioners. The pathogenesis of diarrhoea and its classification is the point of introduction of the article because diarrhoea is the fundamental symptom of inflammatory intestinal disorders. In the next, principal part of the article are described clinical pictures and treatment of different infectious intestinal diseases and others intestinal inflammations with known ethiology. The aim of the last part of the article is treatment of inflammatory bowel disease – ulcer...

Blepharitis and conjunctivitis

Milan Odehnal

Prakt. lékáren. 2012; 8(4): 161-163  

Inflammatory changes in the eyelids are of bacterial or viral origin. Bacteria affect the eyelid margins in various ways and can be the cause of stye and chalazion. Viral conjunctivides are caused by herpes viruses. Serious eyelid diseases include abscess or phlegmon that can both cause orbital inflammation. Conjunctivides are aetiologically and clinically varied. They are divided into infectious (bacterial, viral, chlamydial, fungal) or non-infectious (allergic or toxic). Acute bacterial infections are characterized by discharge of pus and eye redness. Viral inflammations are accompanied by preauricular node swelling and the cornea may also...

Periodontitis - how to recognize and treat

Ivo Dřízhal, Květa Prouzová, Jarmila Úlehlová

Prakt. lékáren. 2012; 8(4): 164-166  

The authors summarize the basic symptoms of periodontitis and knowledge about options and methods of treatment. They emphasize the three basic symptoms present since the beginning of the disease: a) gingival bleeding, b) presence of periodontal pocket, c) alveolar bone resorption. The diagnosis relies on clinical gingival inflammation confirmation, probing of periodontal pockets deeper than 3.5 mm and resorption of alveolar bone on X-ray image. Treatment is focused on: a) consistent removal of dental plaque, b) monitoring of bleeding gums retreat, c) removal of tartar and harmful fillings or jacket crowns, d) evaluation of the retreat depth...

Acute functional constipation: common clinical trouble

Jiří Slíva

Prakt. lékáren. 2012; 8(4): 168-169  

The main objective of this article is to give the present and possible future possibilities in the pharmacotherapy of acute functional constipation. It is a relatively common pathologic condition in general population. Etiologically, there dominate the change of defecation stereotype, improperly chosen diet, insufficient intake of fluids, and sedentary life-style. Besides the influence of these factors, also laxatives play a very important role in its treatment and they are irreplaceable in standard therapeutic approaches.

Perspectives in the group of addictive substances

Martin Doležal

Prakt. lékáren. 2012; 8(4): 170-174  

Addictive substances have been with mankind from time immemorial, and their consumption and popularity has been increasing worldwide. The review article presents their classification and the major groups of psychotropic compounds are discussed from a pharmaceutical-chemical perspective. The study of relationships between the structure and biological effects in the group of plant, endogenous, and synthetic cannabinoids and/or other compounds affecting the cannabinoid system in the brain is an important source of both new medications and molecules that can be abused. The group of amphetamines, tryptamines, and other addictive substances is...

Pharmaceutical care in patiens with benign prostate hyperplasia

Kamil Rudolf

Prakt. lékáren. 2012; 8(4): 177-180  

Prostate gland represents an auxiliary male gonadal gland. The hormone-induced growth of prostate gland is responsible for characteristic disturbances in urination at advanced age. Clinically, we term it LUTS/BHP or symptoms of lower urinary tract based on benign prostate hyperplasia. Incidence and prevalence of this disease increase with age. Therapy is preferentially aimed at the maintenance of the quality of life of patients with choice of monitoring, use of pharmacologically active compounds or surgical intervention. Pharmacotherapy of benign prostate hyperplasia uses phytopharmaceuticals, alphablockers and 5-alpha reductase blockers. Pharmaceutical...

Ganoderma lucidum and current medicine

Zdeňka Navrátilová

Prakt. lékáren. 2012; 8(4): 194-195  

Ganoderma lucidum, also known as ling-zhi or reishi, is a wood-destroying fungus which has been used in traditional Eastern medicines in China, Japan and Korea for thousands of years. Nowadays it is used throughout the world and many studies confirm its medicinal effects. This article summarizes knowledge about this fungus, about its bioactive compounds and medicinal use.

Estimation of osmolarity of infusion solutions using the USP methods

Zdeňka Šklubalová

Prakt. lékáren. 2012; 8(4): 175-176  

Concentration of the solutes in large-volume parenterals must be considered in osmotic relationships. The label of large-volume parenteral solutions, therefore, is required to state the osmolarity (mosmol/l). Indeed, osmolarity cannot be measured. Osmometers give osmolality (mosmol/kg). In this work, the results of the experimental measurement of density and osmolality of the aqueous solutions of the parenteral solutes are employed in the methods of the estimation of osmolarity shown in USP 34.

Over the counter preparations in peri- and postmenopause

Josef Malý, Martin Doseděl

Prakt. lékáren. 2012; 8(4): 181-186  

Menopause is a significant milestone in the woman´s life. Although menopause is a physiological process it also affects mental health consequences and social life of woman. In addition to hormone replacement therapy there are many other ways which can help relieve symptoms associated with menopause and thus improve the quality of life of women. The authors discuss benefits and risks of over the counter medicines, dietary supplements and other alternative therapeutic products which come in women in perimenopause or postmenopause into account.

Effective photoprotection

Eva Sicouret Pérez

Prakt. lékáren. 2012; 8(4): 187-189  

Although the harmful effects of UV radiation are now generally known, tanned skin still remains an ideal of beauty in our country. Negative effects of UV radiation on the skin accumulate and the consequences may become visible only after several decades. Excessive sun exposure in childhood is particularly dangerous. Sunburn in childhood is one of the risk factors for developing skin cancer. Photoprotection reduces the risk of sunburn and of the development of skin cancer as well as prevents photosensitive reactions and/or photo-ageing (premature aging of the skin due to excessive sun exposure).

OTC products for the treatment of diseases of the oral cavity

Kristýna Hosová

Prakt. lékáren. 2012; 8(4): 190-193  

Products which have a pharmacy available within the OTC sales can be successfully used for prevention, treatment and follow-up treatment of disease of the oral cavity. Since this is a comprehensive issue, selected are those which are most often encountered in the pharmacy.

Autodidaktický test 4/2012

Prakt. lékáren. 2012; 8(4): 197-198