Farmaceutická chemie a Sekce syntetických léčiv v roce 2018

prof. PharmDr. Martin Doležal, Ph.D.

Prakt. lékáren. 2018; 14(2): 47  

A brief overview of pharmacological options for pain management in children

Petra Matalová, Daniela Navrátilová, Martin Poruba

Prakt. lékáren. 2018; 14(2): 52-54 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2018.010  

Pain is unfortunately a common pediatric problem and its causes may be different. The treatment should be started as soon aspossible. Dosing of the drugs might be adjusted to the weight of the child and type of diagnose.

Modern aspects of allergic rhinitis

Irena Krčmová, Jakub Novosad

Prakt. lékáren. 2018; 14(2): 56-62  

Allergic diseases are seen as systemic diseases with organ symptoms. Allergic rhinitis is defined as a group of nasal symptoms,arising from an underlying IgE-mediated inflammation following exposure of the nasal mucosa to allergens. The basic feature ofallergic rhinitis is a persistent eosinophilic inflammation accompanied by typical clinical manifestations. Allergic rhinitis developson the basis of numerous environmental factors in a genetically predisposed individual. The symptoms of rhinitis may be spontaneouslyreversible or resolve following treatment. The management of allergic rhinitis involves patient education, eliminationof allergens, pharmacotherapy,...

Iatrogenic, drug‑induced depressions

Jana Hroudová

Prakt. lékáren. 2018; 14(2): 63-66 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2018.058  

Pharmacologically induced depressions represent complications of patients’ health and worsen their prognoses. A big range ofdrugs has a depressogenic potential: antiparkinsonian drugs (L-dopa, amantadine), anticonvulsants (topiramate, phenobarbital),disease-modifying drugs used for multiple sclerosis (interferon-α, glatiramer acetate), drugs used in oncology (interleukins,procarbazine, vincristine), antihypertensive drugs (methyldopa), corticoids, benzodiazepines, opioid analgesics (pethidine), antibiotics(ciprofloxacin), antiviral drugs etc. This review summarizes the most common drug-induced depressions and possibilitiesof their solutions.

Therapeutic drug monitoring in clinical practice

Hana Suchánková

Prakt. lékáren. 2018; 14(2): 67-69 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2018.012  

To optimise patients’outcomes of pharmacotherapy, special attention should be given to dosing selection. Therapeutic drugmonitoring (TDM) is a dosing individualisation strategy that helps to minimise toxicity whilst maximising the efficacy of the agentand helps to reduce the health care costs. To optimise dosing, pharmacokinetic characteristics and pharmacodynamic target ofthe agent must be considered. The aim of this paper is to review the role of TDM in clinical practice, summarise characteristicsof drugs suitable for TDM and identify patients that would most likely benefit from it, outline limitations of methods used tomeasure drug concentrations,...

Hospital Pharmacist in the MUH – indispensable part of a functional hospital

Michal Kočí

Prakt. lékáren. 2018; 14(2): 90-93 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2018.017  

Hospital pharmacy represents not only the supplier of medical materials to the wards, but at the same time provides the hospitalwith experts on any processes concerning the drugs. This article aims to describe the hospital pharmacists‘ place in day-to-daycourse of Military University Hospital Prague while stressing out their involvement in multidsciplinary teams and other „off-pharmacy“tasks.

The gut microbiota and its possibilities of influence

Pavel Frühauf

Prakt. lékáren. 2018; 14(2): 70-72  

Probiotic bacteria are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host.The different beneficial effects of specific probiotic strains may be translated into different health claims.

Butyrate

Petr Ryšávka, Martina Kohutková Lánová

Prakt. lékáren. 2018; 14(2): 73-76 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2018.014  

Short-chain fatty acids and their salts, particularly butyrate, are metabolites produced by intestinal bacteria from dietary fibreand polysaccharides. The spectrum of effects of butyrate on the body is very broad. Butyrate controls the formation of inflammatorycytokines and may thus have a positive effect on inflammatory bowel disease that is accompanied by intestinal dysbiosisto the detriment of the butyrate-producing bacteria. It is also capable of increasing the production of antimicrobial peptides bythe host in defence against pathogenic microorganisms. Consequently, in the past decade, butyrate has become the subject ofmuch research, ranging from...

Photoprotection and treatment of combed skin

Monika Mikulková

Prakt. lékáren. 2018; 14(2): 78-82 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2018.015  

General recommendations to protect skin from ultraviolet radiation is to reduce exposure to sun rays in the spring and summermonths, wearing protective clothing including head cover and sunglasses and a suitable choice of sunscreen, which correspondsto our phototype including its proper application. Most prudence is needed in young children and immunosuppressed patients.For the treatment of burned skin, there are many available products such as cooling tiles, healing and regenerative preparationsin the form of creams, sprays and foams and antihistamines, which relieve unpleasant symptoms of burned skin. In the treatmentof burns, we should take care...

Antiseptics for traveling: disinfection of small wounds, hands, eyes

Markéta Obrovská

Prakt. lékáren. 2018; 14(2): 83-84 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2018.016  

The article provides a clue which antiseptic/disinfecting product a pharmacist and a pharmaceutical assistant could dispense toa patient when the patient is planning to travel. The article consists of three parts – disinfection of small wounds, disinfection ofhands and eyes. The each part also contents actual set of authorized medicinal antiseptic/disinfecting products.

Urinary tract infection – prevention and self-healing

Olga Svobodová, Miroslav Turjap

Prakt. lékáren. 2018; 14(2): 86-89 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2018.059  

Urinary tract infection is mainly caused by Escherichia coli. The natural presence of E. coli is in the gastrointestinal tract. Theinfection occur when bacteria ascend urethra into the bladder. Bacteril growth leads to urinary tract infection. The possibilityof pharmacological and non-pharmacological prevention and treatment of urinary tract infection is summarized in this article.

Autodidaktický test 2/18

Prakt. lékáren. 2018; 14(2): 94-95