Slovo úvodem

Ivan Rektor

Prakt. lékáren. 2020; 16(3): 111  

Systemic pain therapy from the perspective of modern dosage forms

Martin Šimíček

Prakt. lékáren. 2020; 16(3): 115-121 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2020.018  

Modern dosage forms, which significantly improve the pharmacokinetic profile of analgesics, are increasingly being used in the treatment of pain. The unique features and differences of individual products bring higher demands on patients in terms of correct application. The article presents examples of modern dosage forms for the treatment of acute and chronic pain with focus on the principal technologies used by the producers. For each dosage form (orodispersible tablets, controlled release tablets, transdermal therapeutic systems, etc.), it summarizes the information provided by the pharmacist for proper use.

Acute upper respiratory tract infections and its management

Miloš Jeseňák, Daniela Mináriková

Prakt. lékáren. 2020; 16(3): 123-130  

Acute upper respiratory tract (URT) infections are the most common diseases in which assisted self-medication is used with active participation of pharmacists. The article describes clinical signs and differential diagnosis of acute URT infections. The basis of rational management is early immunomodulatory treatment using support of body´s own natural antiviral immune mechanisms, symptomatic treatment, hygiene of the nasal mucosa together with regime and general hygiene measures. Zinc has complex immunomodulatory and antiviral effects.

Functional bowel disorders and their treatment

Peter Minárik, Daniela Mináriková

Prakt. lékáren. 2020; 16(3): 131-138  

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) belong to the most common diagnoses in gastroenterology. Functional bowel disorders, especially irritable bowel syndrome, represent an important part of the FGID. The currently valid classification of the FGID is the Rome IV classification from the year 2016 (Rome IV). In differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders, it is always important to distinguish functional disorders from severe organic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, especially from tumor diseases. Significant role in differential diagnostics and follow-up analysis play the alarm symptoms. This article deals with the review and analysis...

Significance of vitamin C for children's body

František Kopřiva, Pavel Frühauf, Boris Hruškovič, Pavel Kostiuk, Zdeněk Procházka, Lucie Kotlářová, Jiří Slíva, Vendula Látalová, Jan Boženský

Prakt. lékáren. 2020; 16(3): 139-146  

Vitamin C is one of the essential nutritional elements and is an irreplaceable substance for man, playing a crucial role at all stages of life. Due to its effect on the genome and because of its epigenetic role, vitamin C influences the development as well as health status at all stages of prenatal and postnatal development. It has a major impact on various functions of the immune system. It is a cofactor in a number of enzymes catalysing important reactions in the biosynthesis of indispensable substances (e.g. neurotransmitters, carnitine, collagen). It is one of the most significant antioxidants protecting tissues from oxidative stress, thereby having...

Administration of a drug by enteral feeding tube

Martina Swierkosz, Olga Nedopílková

Prakt. lékáren. 2020; 16(3): 147-149  

In clinical practice we often encounter situations that require non-standard administration of drugs. One of them is the administration of the drug into an enteral feeding tube, which is inserted into the patient's gastrointestinal tract. Not all drugs are suitable for administration to tubes and not all enteral feeding tubes are suitable for drug administration. Administration of a drug by enteral feeding tube is managed by several principles that must be followed in order for the expected clinical effect to occur. These principles are described in the article.

Biofilm and phytopharmaceuticals

Vilma Vranová

Prakt. lékáren. 2020; 16(3): 159-164  

Acute urinary tract infection is a very common disease in the adult population. It holds true that much more significant treatment difficulties are encountered in the case of chronic and recurrent bacterial infections than in acute ones. Biofilm formation is another important factor, allowing prolonged survival of bacteria and, thus, making treatment of bacterial infections more difficult. Given the limited options of antibacterial therapy, other possibilities of helping patients in an effective way are, of course, being sought. These traditionally include the use of phytopharmaceuticals, i.e. herbal medicinal products. The paper deals with the possible...

Upper respiratory tract disease: an overview of registered phytopharmaceuticals

Karel Vašut

Prakt. lékáren. 2020; 16(3): 165-169  

Upper respiratory tract disease is among the most common infectious diseases. Treatment traditionally employs various kinds and forms of drugs a number of which are plant-based or contain plant extracts and essential oils. A large variety of effects of phytopharmaceuticals are utilized; they can be used alone or in combinations. Given their patient-friendly nature and efficacy, phytopharmaceuticals are preferred in paediatric patients.

Medical devices for ostomy patients I.: One-piece systems, two-piece systems and adhesive technology

Barbora Vraníková, Andrej Kováčik, Petra Svačinová

Prakt. lékáren. 2020; 16(3): 150-153  

In the Czech Republic, there are approximately 10,000 ostomy patients, whose quality of life is fully dependent on the daily use of special medical devices. According to the official list of medical devices, it is possible to distinguish three basic groups of ostomy devices: one-piece systems, two-piece systems and adhesive technologies. All these systems consist of ostomy skin barriers and pouches with different properties depending on ostomy type (colostomy, ileostomy, urostomy). The aim of this article is to address the basic differences between the adhesive technology, one-piece and two-piece systems and to describe the different types of ostomy...

Current trends in wound healing

Markéta Koutná

Prakt. lékáren. 2020; 16(3): 154-158 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2020.024  

Trends in wound healing are usually associated with the subsequent or previous creation of position documents (recommended practices of the European Wound Management Association = EWMA, World Union of Wound Healing Societies = WUWHS or European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel = EPUAP etc.). The paper focuses on several areas in woune healing that are not new in clinical practice. Nevertheless, from time to time there is a greater concentration in this specialization on a certain problem, but with the possibility of new solutions, including influencing by materials intended for wound healing.

Overview of hyperpigmentations, etiology and possibilities of influencing with the latest freely available products in pharmacy

Lucie Jarešová

Prakt. lékáren. 2020; 16(3): 171-174 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2020.027  

Melanocytes are cells that form a melanin. Melanin is one of the most important factors involved in skin color. Melanocytes contain the enzyme tyrosinase, which is necessary for pigment creation. Its distribution can be irregular, excessive and affected by many factors. The most important factors of hyperpigmentation include sunlight, hormonal changes, genetic predisposition, drugs, inflammatory manifestations on the skin. The article will describe the most common types of hyperpigmentation and the possibility of influencing them by OTC products.

The treatment of flu and common cold in children and drug review

Klára Bechná

Prakt. lékáren. 2020; 16(3): 176-183  

Influenza and common colds are infectious diseases affecting all age groups of the population, especially in the colder months of the year. Symptoms such as elevated temperature, pain, cough and rhinitis can be observed in both diseases, varying in intensity and character. In uncomplicated cases, the self-treatment of flu and cold symptoms is symptomatic.

How to optimally assemble a home first aid kit for children?

Lenka Sušilová

Prakt. lékáren. 2020; 16(3): 184-187 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2020.029  

A children's first aid kit should be an integral part of every household with children, as it allows you to minimize permanent consequences with pre-medical first aid. The article presents the most common situations and diseases that can occur in everyday life, and at the same time provides an overview of medical supplies and medicines that should not be missing in a children's first aid kit in these situations.

Probiotics and bacterial lysates as an alternative non-antibiotic strategy in supportive treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections

Hana Kotolová

Prakt. lékáren. 2020; 16(3): 188-192  

Urinary tract infections, along with respiratory tract infections, are the most frequent inflammatory diseases in man. Given the current situation of antibiotic resistance, non-antibiotic treatment strategies are also recommended in uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Non-antibiotic strategies can effectively be implemented by recommending appropriate daily routine measures supported by a well-chosen over-the-counter medicinal product, a healing tea blend, or a food supplement. Current knowledge of the microbiome as a modulator of a number of diseases has brought the anticipated positive use of probiotics and bacterial lysates as an interesting...