Pravdivé a objektivní informace o léčivech jsou klíčové

PharmDr. Kateřina Malá, Ph.D.

Prakt. lékáren. 2022; 18(1): 3  

Treatment and diagnostics of cancer in gravidity

Roman Goněc

Prakt. lékáren. 2022; 18(1): 9-13 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2022.001  

Cancer in pregnancy is rare, and its diagnostics and treatment might brings some challanges. The patient, the fetus, and the course of gravidity should not be put in danger. The pregnancy may make diagnostic both more diffucult and delayed because of its unspecific symptoms. Any procedure has to be carefully discussed, mainly with respect to the stage of gravidity because particular risks are different in the course of gravidity. Not only there are teratogenic effects of drugs and radioation which are most prominent in the first trimester, but there are also interferences with the gravidity or side effects occurring both in the mother and the fetus/newborn....

Depression in patients with cardiovascular disease - can be treated safely?

Eva Kitzlerová

Prakt. lékáren. 2022; 18(1): 14-20  

Depressive disorder is important risk factor for onset and development of cardiovascular diseases. It must be diagnosed and treated early and adequately. Now its evident that depressive symptoms in patients with cardiovascular diseases can be treated effectively and safety and that they can decrease burden of patients with other complications. The first choice of treatment are SSRI antidepressants, but SNRI or other modern antidepressants with specific mechanisms of action can be also used. During the treatment is necessary use the safety dosage of antidepressants, think of individual risk factors for QT prolongation and severe ventricular arrhythmias...

Inhalation technique and correct use of inhaler devices in the treatment of asthma bronchiale and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease I. - liquid form inhalers

Veronika Bárková, Dana Mazánková, Karel Vašut

Prakt. lékáren. 2022; 18(1): 21-26 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2022.003  

The following article deals with aspects of providing pharmaceutical care in patients with asthma bronchiale and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, for which the pharmacist's knowledge of the correct manipulation technique of inhaler devices is significant. Further, the article presents specific notices to the use of active substances in inhaler form and focuses on the adherence of patients to the treatment using inhalers and its options of support for the patient's treatment by a pharmacist. Furthermore it summarizes all inhalers available on the Czech market containing liquid dosage form (solution and suspension) and for each inhaler presents...

Vitamin C, anti-infective immunity, and problems of deficiency in children

Jan Boženský, František Kopřiva, Lucie Kotlářová, Pavel Kostiuk, Zdeněk Procházka, Jiří Slíva

Prakt. lékáren. 2022; 18(1): 27-33 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2022.004  

Comprehensive management of obesity­‑related hypertension

Petr Sucharda

Prakt. lékáren. 2022; 18(1): E3-E10  

Obesity-related hypertension is a metabolic disease, part of metabolic syndrome based on visceral adipose tissue accumulation and associated hyperinsulinemia. Obesity is a cause of hypertension in about 60% of cases and there is a 3.5-fold relative risk for hypertension in obese people. More than one half patients with grade 3 obesity are hypertensive. The pathophysiology of obesity-related hypertension includes high levels of adipokines and increased intra-abdominal pressure. The diagnostic criteria for obesity-related hypertension are not different and treatment is based on the same principles, only with a greater emphasis on ACE inhibitors and ARB...

Urinary retention as a rare complication of psychotropic drug use

Dana Končelíková, Gabriela Vaculová

Prakt. lékáren. 2022; 18(1): E11-E15  

Urinary retention can develop as a result of a number of somatic as well as mental disorders. Identifying the cause is crucial in the proper treatment of patients. This review article aims to present the basic groups of psychotropic drugs, their indications and the possible connection with the development of urinary retention. Substances from the group of antipsychotics and antidepressants, substances affecting the anticholinergic and serotonergic systems, are considered to be risky. In principle, however, psychotropic drugs can be described as safe in terms of the risk of developing urinary retention. Caution should be exercised especially in at-risk...

Caffeine, coffee, and breast-feeding

Jan Hálek, Jindřiška Voláková, Martin Wita, Jakub Lasák, Lumír Kantor

Prakt. lékáren. 2022; 18(1): E16-E23  

The use of caffeine in beverages and foods is common in all cultures across the world. As a matter of fact, caffeine produces signifi­cant and plentiful effects on the human body. Information on its safety in pregnancy and during breast-feeding is not unequi­vocal. The article presents a review of data on caffeine consumption during breast-feeding and its effect on the breastfed child.

The actual pharmacotherapy benign hyperplasia according to EAU Guidelines

Aleš Horák

Prakt. lékáren. 2022; 18(1): E24-E37  

Pharmacological treatment is the basis for conservative treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Currently, pharmacological treatment is based on α1-blockers, 5α-reductase inhibitors, muscarinic receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, beta-3 adrenoceptor agonists and a combination of some of them. In indicated cases, phytopharmaceuticals, most commonly containing Serenoa repens, may be used in patients with minor LUTS.

Using phytopharmaceuticals in the management of chronic stress

Vilma Vranová

Prakt. lékáren. 2022; 18(1): 42-47 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2022.006  

Stress is currently considered a major threat to public health. The use of phytopharmaceuticals is one of the ways of managing distinct stress symptoms. Golden root extract (Rhodiola rosea) is a herbal medicinal product that is directly indicated to relieve the symptoms of stress, such as fatigue, feelings of weakness and exhaustion. Before starting hypnotics, it is worth trying medicinal plants with a sedative effect, which particularly include valerian, lemon balm, common hop, purple passionflower, or St. John's wort; lavender extract is a registered anxiolytic of plant origin.

Herbal preparations and their drug interactions in routine outpatient practice

Alice Sychrová

Prakt. lékáren. 2022; 18(1): E38-E55  

More and more patients are choosing self-medication procedures, including phytotherapy whose popularity is constantly growing. Patients mistakenly believe that the use of herbal preparations is completely safe. In addition to the possible toxicity of the plant itself, there is also a risk of drug interactions. The ones most at risk are people over 65 years old, patients with polypharmacy, polymorbidity, or with severe chronic diseases. Recent scientific studies have highlighted the risks associated with the co-administration of grapefruit, ginkgo, licorice, and St. John's wort with many drugs. These interactions may have fatal consequences, so a general...

Dual opioid analgesia

Jan Juřica

Prakt. lékáren. 2022; 18(1): 48-52 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2022.007  

Current opioid analgesics are agonists or partial agonists of the opioid receptors μ, λ, δ, and ORL1 (MOPr, DOPr, KOPr, and NOPr.) The combination of agonists and partial agonists or two full agonists with different receptor affinities should theoretically reduce the potential of maximal analgesic effect. However, in clinical practice, these combinations are particularly effective in increasing analgesic efficacy, better tolerability, better control of pain intensity during the day, and delaying tolerance to the analgesic effect. The article provides an overview of the current state of knowledge about dual opioid analgesia and pharmacological...

The journey of individuals with memory disorders through the pharmacy to the outpatient specialist or From theory to practice

Ondřej Šimandl, Aleš Bartoš, Michala Belasová, Valéria Mariničová

Prakt. lékáren. 2022; 18(1): 34-41 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2022.005  

With an increasing proportion of the aging population, older people with memory disorders are increasing. Early and correct diagnosis of the causes of these problems can lead to the initiation of effective therapy, alleviation of disease progression and thus improve the quality of life of the patient and his surroundings. The aim of the pharmacy memory examination project is the early detection of patients with suspected cognitive impairment, ideally in the stage of mild cognitive impairment, but also in the more advanced stages of dementia. Through this activity, pharmacists, as health professionals, significantly expand the availability of preventive...

What we (do not) know about cosmetics or cosmetology for pharmacists

Andrej Kováčik, Barbora Vraníková

Prakt. lékáren. 2022; 18(1): 53-57 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2022.008  

Cosmetic products are an essential traded commodity in different facilities, including pharmacies. This article defines cosmetic products, their common features, and their differences from medicinal preparations and medical devices. The presented paper aims to explain the basics of marketing procedures and claims about the properties and effects of cosmetics governed by specific legislation. However, this article does not provide a complete interpretation of all applicable regulations. Still, it should direct the pharmacists and pharmaceutical assistants to cosmetics, which form an essential part of the pharmaceutical range. This article also aims...