Farmacie na rozcestí?

PharmDr. Lubomír Jaroš

Prakt. lékáren. 2014; 10(5): 156  

The Oxford League Table of Analgesic Efficacy and Acute Pain Therapy from the Pharmacist’s Point of View

Martin Šimíček

Prakt. lékáren. 2014; 10(5): 166-170  

Analgesics are one of the mostly used types of medications. The Oxford League Table of Analgesic Efficacy is commented in the following article as a useful tool for choice of suitable analgesic regarding its efficiency, safety and correct dosage. There are commented the therapeutic indications, contraindications and adverse effects of individual analgesic types regarding the possibility of their usage in patients’ self-treatment.

The role of N-acetylcysteine as a therapeutic substance in paediatrics

Jiří Slíva

Prakt. lékáren. 2014; 10(5): 171-173  

N-acetylcysteine belongs to commonly used drugs from expectorants. Its mechanism of action is not based on the modified mucus formation and/or its structure in airways only, however, it possesses also antioxidant or immunomodulatory properties. These activities are discussed here in the context of its current therapeutic use with a special focus on paediatric population.

Pharmacological management of pituitary adenomas

Filip Gabalec, Jan Čáp

Prakt. lékáren. 2014; 10(5): 174-176  

Neurosurgery, radiation and pharmacological approach are the treatment modalities for pituitary adenomas. Dopamine agonists are the treatment of choice in prolactinomas. Neurosurgery is the first choice for acromegaly, Cushing´s syndrome and TSH adenomas. Dopamine and somatostatin analogues are mostly used before operation, when surgery fails, until effect of radiation therapy and to reduce symptoms of disease. A blocator of growth hormone is also used in acromegaly. The blocators of steroidogenesis in adrenals are also used in ACTH producing adenomas.

Drug-induced adverse effects on the eye and its function

Lukáš Láznička

Prakt. lékáren. 2014; 10(5): 177-179  

Over 20 classes of systematically administered drugs are reported to cause ocular adverse effects. Every part of the eye and all ocular functions could be affected adversely. Adverse reactions can be classified according to the affected part of the eye or by the drug groups. Eyelids, conjuntiva and uveal tract are frequently involved. Furthermore, drugs may cause accommodation disorder, mydriasis, increased intraocular pressure (precipitate angle-closure glaucoma), retinopathy, cataract, pigment deposits in the cornea and lens, the higher centers of vision impairment (optic nerve, cerebellum) and more. High risk groups include antihypertensives...

New antiplatelet drugs - prasurgel, ticagrelor, canrelor

Hynek Poul

Prakt. lékáren. 2014; 10(5): 161-165  

Prasugrel, ticagrelor and cangrelor are new antiplatelet drugs acting as platelets ADP receptor P2Y12 blockers. The reasons for the higher efficacy of new drugs compared to clopidogrel are unproblematic bioactivation (prasugrel) or a direct effect of the substance (ticagrelor, cangrelor). Acute coronary syndrome and prevention of his subsequent atherothrombotic complications in patiens undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention are an indication for treatment with these new drugs. They are administered in combination with acetylsalicylic acid to incerase the therapeutic effect. Prasugrel and ticagrelor are already approved and used in routine...

Pharmaceutical care in cardiovascular prevention

Kateřina Ládová, Petra Matoulková

Prakt. lékáren. 2014; 10(5): 180-185  

Cardiovascular (CV) prevention is one of the reasons of CV mortality and morbidity decrease, therefore it is necessary to pay maximum attention to it. This paper introduce some aspects related to the involvement of pharmacists in CV prevention within dispensing and counseling activities in the pharmacy. There is outlined how pharmacists can contribute to the identification of patients with CV risk and consequently intervene appropriately, especially by rational non-pharmacological approaches. Minimization of risks associated with use of drugs which can increase CV risk and barriers in providing of pharmaceutical care in CV prevention are also...

Adverse and toxic effects of standard herbal drug overdose

Jan Martin, Denisa Diblíková

Prakt. lékáren. 2014; 10(5): 190-192  

The use of natural substances for the treatment has not only the advantages, but unfortunately some risks as well. Patients often do not realize the risks and believe that the effect of herbal drugs multiply by increasing the dosage. There can be achieved a toxic level of some constituent of medicinal plant by this way. The first part of this article includes toxic effects of plants used as medicines and food: ginger, sage, licorice and soya.

Basiscreme DAC - a novel cream basis for extemporaneous preparation, part 1

Jan Hašek

Prakt. lékáren. 2014; 10(5): 185-189  

Basiscreme DAC (Cremor basalis DAC) is a newly available cream basis with the character of a hydrophilic cream (an oil-in-water emulsion) that serves as a vehicle for extemporaneous preparation of semisolid topical products. It is of ambiphilic nature and thus can accommodate both hydrophilic and lipophilic substances without disturbing the emulsion system. This cream basis is used in foreign formulations and, to a certain degree, can be referred to as a universal non-ionic vehicle allowing to incorporate a whole range of medicines, including some problematic substances and their combinations. Due to its comprehensiveness, the article is divided...

Clinical trials of medicines as seen by a pharmacist

Slavomír Strašík, Milan Vegerbauer

Prakt. lékáren. 2014; 10(5): 193-198  

Approximately 4 000 clinical trials are authorised in Europe each year. Activities related to providing of clinical trials and their documents are connected with very strict rules which are derived from principles of Good Clinical Practice (GCP) and legal rules. In the Czech Republic, it means especially decree No. 226/2008 Coll. on good clinical practice and detailed conditions of clinical trials on medicinal products. Requirements defined in this decree brought to pharmacies needs how they could been practicaly figured out. Because of these reasons major attention of the article will be paid to basic rules and directives which determinate...

Komentář ke článku „Nová protidestičková léčiva - prasugrel, tikagrelor, kangrelor“

prof. PharmDr. Martin Doležal, Ph.D.

Prakt. lékáren. 2014; 10(5): 165  

Autodidaktický test 5/2014

Prakt. lékáren. 2014; 10(5): 198-199