Jakou roli bude hrát lékárník v systému poskytování zdravotní péče?

PharmDr. Lenka Burgetová

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(2): 67-68  

Novel drugs in pharmacotherapy of obesity

Jan Miroslav Hartinger

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(2): 74-80 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2021.015  

Obesity pharmacotherapy helps many patients to achieve significant and sustainable body weight reduction and improvement in comorbidities and overall prognosis. Four drugs to treat obesity are currently available in the Czech Republic: phentermine, orlistat, liraglutide and bupropion/naltrexone. Recently approved drugs (liraglutide and bupropion/naltrexone) are discussed in detail. Drugs recently withdrawn (lorcaserin and rimonabant) and most promising drugs in clinical studies (tesofensin and bimagrumab) are mentioned in brief. When tailoring the therapy for obese patient, drugs to treat comorbidities (e. g. depression, diabetes) should be carefully...

The most common thyroid diseases and their treatment

Hana Šarapatková

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(2): 81-84 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2021.016  

Thyroid gland diseases are among the most common diseases encountered by endocrinologists. In the Czech Republic, they affect as much as 5% of the population, with a female-to-male ratio 6-8 : 1. Their prevalence in middle-aged and older women is approximately 10-15%. Following the diagnosis, a therapeutic strategy is proposed. Most frequently, pharmacotherapy is used; when indicated, surgery and/or radioactive iodine treatment are an option; and a proportion of patients are watched expectantly. An individualized approached is always required, taking into account patient age, comorbidities (particularly cardiovascular ones), future pregnancy plans,...

Current treatment options for allergies in children

Iva Pončáková

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(2): 86-93 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2021.017  

The prevalence is constantly increasing and incidence of allergic brings with it the need for new diagnostic and treatment procedures. By allergies we mean a reaction meadiated by immunological mechanisms, first through an IgE class antibody. We consider allergen immunotherapy (AIT) to be causal treatment of allergy. Symptomatic antihistamine therapy represents one of the main possibilitie of influencing the development and course of allergic reactions directly on the peripheral histamine H1 receptor.

Side effects of acne treatment and their solutions

Zuzana Nevoralová

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(2): 94-101  

Acne is a polymorphic inflammatory disease of a piloseboceaus unit. The treatment of acne is divided into local, systemic and a phycical ones. A suitable complementary treatment of acne is necessary. In an article, possible side effects of local and systemic treatment are described. With the local therapy there are only unpleasant but not serious ones. With the peroral therapy side effects can be serious ones. That is why it is necessary before starting each therapy to instruct properly each patient not only about an application (usage) of a medicine but also about possible side effects and about a way how to prevent them or how to minimize them. Side...

Surgical wound care in gynecology and obstetrics

Vladislava Marciánová

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(2): 102-104 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2021.019  

The paper summarizes the habits of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic of the University Hospital in Olomouc with the care of surgical wounds in gynecology and obstetric with a focus on wound healing in the external genitalia. An integral part of wound care in obstetrics is the prevention of their appearance. We describe best methods and drugs, as well as caused for prevention of wound infection. In the part dealing with primary healing, we differentiate between the care of obstetric and gynecological wounds, which usually require more demanding care in terms of possible complications. We emphasize the importance of following hygienic precautions...

Drugs with potencial to induce photosensitivity

Jana Martinásková

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(2): e3-e13 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2021.024  

Especially in the spring and summer months, we should emphasize the provision of information on sun protection when dispensing drugs with a photosensitive potential. At the level of pharmacies we can minimize the risk of developing adverse photosensitive drug reaction and reduce the probability of discontinuation of administered drug and associated following complications in treatment. The article presents a summary of selected medication and drug groups for which a clinically significant risk of photosensitivity reaction development has been demonstrated.

Hypertension treatment in stroke

Barbora Nussbaumerová

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(2): e14-e18 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2021.025  

Stroke is the second most common cause of mortality worldwide and the third most common cause of disability. Arterial hypertension is the most prevalent risk factor for stroke. A precise management of arterial hypertension prevents the first episode of stroke as well as its recurrence. A rapid blood pressure lowering is not recommended in the acute phase of stroke. Blood pressure goals in chronic treatment are 140/90 mm Hg and lower, if tolerated. ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers in combination with calcium channel blockers or indapamide are the preferred antihypertensive drugs.

Statins and neuroprotective effects

Ivana Štětkářová, Aleš Dvořák

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(2): e19-e27 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2021.026  

Statins are used to treat primary hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia. They significantly reduce cardiovascular risk in primary and secondary prevention. In the Czech Republic, atorvastatin and rosuvastatin are the most used drugs, otherwise simvastatin and fluvastatin are less prescribed. For statin therapy, appropriate HDL cholesterol target values should be established, and special regimen with adjunctive therapy with ezetimibe in selected patients. Drug side effects may occur with statin therapy, such as nausea, fatigue, myalgia, rarely statin myopathy. A number of studies have shown that statins have neuroprotective effects on the brain tissue....

Vaginal medicinal preparations available in the Czech Republic and the basic principles of their application

Andrej Kováčik, Barbora Vraníková

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(2): 129-134 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2021.023  

Vaginal application of drugs is most often used in local therapy of bacterial or fungal infections or to restore the physiological pH of the vaginal mucosa in adolescent and adult women. Vaginal preparations are also utilized to achieve a systemic effect, especially, after administration of hormones (e. g., contraception, assisted reproduction). This article aims to briefly characterize vaginal dosage forms, introduce available commercial medicinal products for vaginal administration and summarize the basic principles of applying vaginal dosage forms.

Medical devices for patient suffering from incontinence II.: Collection and other non-absorbing devices

Barbora Vraníková, Andrej Kováčik, Petra Svačinová

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(2): 121-128 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2021.022  

Involuntary leakage of urine or faeces belongs to a group of diseases that significantly reduce the patient's quality of life. Medical devices significantly contribute to the minimization of adverse effects of incontinence (odour, irritation) and increase patient comfort. Absorbent medical devices described in detail in the first part of this publication usually represent first-choice devices. However, the non-absorbent devices are not less important in the treatment of urinary and faecal incontinence. Accordingly, this article aims to provide an overview of these devices, emphasizing practical advice on the proper handling of medical devices to facilitate...

Determination of bacteria of the genus Ralstonia in purified water (Aqua purificata)

Dana Baudišová, Ivana Kohoutová, František Kožíšek

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(2): e32-e37 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2021.028  

The study focuses on the occurrence of bacteria of the genus Ralstonia in various apparatuses producing of purified water (Aqua purificata) even in cases where the total numbers of aerobic microorganisms meet the requirements of the Czech Pharmacopoeia and also shows possible differences in detection methods of aerobic organotrophic microorganisms (media, inoculation). The presence of Ralstonia is common in purified water, and although this type of water may not be sterile, it should not contain potentially pathogenic microorganisms when used in specific cases (age of patient, riskful diagnosis, application to damaged skin or mucosa).

Co se podařilo v roce 2020? Alert management systém a nízký podíl alertů

Kolektiv autorů

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(2): 135-136  

K článku "Možnosti a principy vakcinace proti covidu-19"

Vladimír Bíba

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(2): e28-e31 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2021.027  

Mental health and immunity

Miroslava Navrátilová

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(2): 106-114  

The relationship between the mental state and the human immune system is known from clinical practice - short-term stress is a functional, physiological response that stimulates the immune system. Likewise, short-term inflammation is a natural reaction to injury or infection. Conversely, chronic stress worsens the response of the nervous, endocrine and immune systems and can lead to immunodeficiency. The review summarizes the clinical experience of an internist with a focus on clinical nutrition and intensive metabolic care in psychiatric patients and selected significant findings in the field of mental health and immunity.

What to recommend to patients with menstrual pain?

Lenka Dvířková

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(2): 115-120 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2021.021  

In every month, many women around the world experience pain and discomfort in their lower abdomens. These symptoms occur in varying degrees in women and adolescent girls and may even prevent some of the patients from performing their normal daily activities. At the pharmacy, it is of great importance for us to hear from our patients and offer them an adequate therapy. It primarily consists of non-pharmacological procedures, which should be accompanied by pharmacological recommendations. There are many over-the-counter medications, which have the menstrual pain/dysmenorrhea mentioned in the indications. We can choose between medicines containing paracetamol...