Slovo úvodem

PharmDr. Antonín Svoboda

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(2):75  

Treatment of spasticity

Ivana Štětkářová

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(2):80-85  

Spasticity is one of the serious clinical manifestations of damage to the central motoneuron, which occurs during ischemia, hemorrhage, trauma, inflammation, tumor or as part of neurodegenerative disorders. There are two types of spasticity - cerebral and spinal. In cerebral lesions, there is a loss of the influence of the cerebral cortex on trunk inhibitory structures, while in spinal lesions, spastic dystonia of a severe degree is present and flexor involvement predominates. A careful clinical examination of each patient is important to assess the type and degree of spasticity. A number of scales and questionnaire methods are used for this. Ashworth...

Performance­‑enhancing drugs: an overview for pharmacy practice

Miroslav Turjap, Michal Turjap, Jan Juřica

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(2):86-90  

By doping, we usually mean the use of prohibited substances by an athlete for performance enhancement. Officially, it is a violation of the anti-doping rules specified in the World Anti-Doping Code. The article presents a brief overview of human medicines available in the Czech Republic that contain substances from the List of Prohibited Substances and Methods of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Examples of doping affairs of professional athletes are presented.

Current treatment options for diarrhoea in the paediatric population

Petra Rozsívalová, Martina Novosadová, Markéta Štanclová, Jan Melek, Sylva Skálová, Josef Malý

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(2):91-102  

Acute diarrhoea is defined as a change in stool consistency from soft to liquid and/or an increase in the number of defecations to more than three per day. Other symptoms of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) include fever, nausea and vomiting. Viruses are the most common cause of AGE, with rotavirus being the most frequent causative agent, affecting mostly infants and toddlers aged 6-24 months during the autumn/winter period. The most important part of the diagnostic and therapeutic approach is the assessment of the degree of dehydration, which decides on the severity of AGE and serves as one of the factors determining hospitalization. The standard first-line...

Chronic pain in patients with osteoarthritis

Jitka Fricová

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(2):4-7  

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the leading causes of chronic pain and its prevalence is increasing in line with the global ageing of the population. To date, there are no pharmacological interventions to slow the progression of OA, and pain-relieving therapies are also largely unsuccessful. Local inflammation in the joint may contribute to mechanical sensitization and structural neuroplasticity of joint nociceptors via proinflammatory factors such as nerve growth factor, cytokines, and chemokines. Early and safe pain management according to national recommendations is an essential part of osteoarthritis care.

D-mannose in preventing recurrent urinary tract infections

Eva Burešová

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(2):104-106  

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are frequent diseases, particularly in women. Acute simple cystitis poses no serious medical problem. However, a recurrent UTI, defined as the occurrence of two UTIs in six months, or three UTIs per year, decreases the quality of life of patients and leads to repeated antibiotic use. Daily routine measures and long-term prophylaxis with low-dose antibiotics or their targeted use in at-risk situations, e. g., prior to sexual intercourse or during hormonal changes, are recommended as methods of preventing recurrent UTIs. With long-term antibiotic use, patients may experience unpleasant adverse effects of this treatment...

Eptinezumab - the new anti-CGRP monoclonal antibody for prophylactic treatment of migraine

Rudolf Kotas

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(2):8-13  

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays a key role in the pathophysiology of migraine. Eptinezumab is the first intravenous monoclonal antibody targeting the molecule of CGRP which is used for the preventive treatment of migraine. In this paper the pharmacology of eptinezumab and five successful Phase III clinical studies are reviewed. The study PROMISE-1 evaluates the efficacy, safety and tolerability of eptinezumab in the preventive treatment of episodic migraine, the study PROMISE-2 is the same in chronic migraine. The study PREVAIL evaluates the long-term safety, immunogenicity and patient-reported efficacy with help of standard questionnaires...

Bergenia - substances and uses

Almíra Marková, Lenka Tůmová

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(2):115-118  

Originally an Asian genus Bergenia from the family Saxifragaceae includes 32 species described so far and many hybrids that were created by crossing them. The leaves and rhizomes of bergenia used widely in folk medicine of China, India, Mongolia, and Russia are rich in a wide range of chemical constituents. The most important secondary metabolites of this plant are tannins, arbutin, bergenin, but also flavonoids. The drug from leaves and rhizomes is valued for its litholytic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, or antitussive properties.

Technological possibilities to ensure drug abuse protection

Jan Gajdziok, Sabina Vonešová

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(2):124-127  

The non-therapeutic use of medicines and its increase is a global and societal problem. It affects not only the health sector, but it also has significant human, social and economic consequences. The development of dosage forms (DFs) to reduce or prevent the abuse of medicines is one step in a comprehensive solution to this problem. The last decade has brought the development of more robust DFs capable of reducing drug abuse. Technologies and strategies to prevent drug abuse typically target common or expected application routes. Technology can limit the extractability of the active ingredient and the bioavailability after DF manipulation, prevent...

Kombinované fytofarmakum (Centaurii herba, Levistici radix, Rosmarini folium) v léčbě infekcí močových cest

MUDr. Andrea Skálová, MUDr. Zdenka Hanzlíková

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(2):135-136  

Pharmacist advice on breastfeeding support

Nikola Karasová

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(2):107-114  

Breastfeeding is the natural way of feeding the youngest babies. The World Health Organization and the Czech Paediatric Society recommend exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months of age and, together with the gradual introduction of complementary feeding, to continue breastfeeding until at least 2 years of age. In addition to its nutritional importance, breastfeeding brings many other benefits for both the baby and the mother. Although it should be an obvious process, many women have problems with breastfeeding, which sometimes leads to a complete switch to formula milk. Given their wide range of activities, pharmacists should be able to provide expert...

Rychle působící antidepresiva -otázky a odpovědi

prof. MUDr. Bc. Libor Ustohal, Ph.D., MUDr. Eliška Bartečková, Ph.D.

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(2):14-16  

Klinické souvislosti nedostatku vitaminu B - výzva pro lékaře i lékárníky

Přednášel: doc. MUDr. Bohumil Seifert, Ph.D.

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(2):119-122  

Classification and basic usage principles of sunscreen preparations

Andrej Kováčik, Barbora Vraníková

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(2):128-134  

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation among with infrared (IR) radiation and the visible region of the spectrum (VIS) are part of the electromagnetic radiation reaching the Earth's surface. In addition to positive effects (e.g., synthesis of vitamin D), UV radiation also has an adverse impact on the human body, such as cancerous proliferation. During evolution, human skin has developed various protecting mechanisms against UV (e.g., melanin pigment), but their capacity is limited (especially during intensive exposure to the sun). Therefore, this article aims to present, characterize, and classify (cosmetic) products that actively prevent the effects of UV radiation...